Sunday, June 7, 2009

Marie Stopes International


Linkhttp://www.mariestopes.org.uk/Home.aspx


Been away with family in the USA, and did not take my computer, so was “off air” for a couple of weeks. Canoeing in the Boundary Waters of Minnesota and telling bedtime stories to grandchildren makes a nice change.

After wading through the usual stack of emails and dumping the obvious rubbish I found one that at first looked interesting. It appeared to come from the Mary Stopes International folks, who are so well known for their world-wide work in the women’s health field, and especially in the area of reproductive choice. The have expanded their activities and now offer services as Sexual Health Specialists with tabs on the web site for women, for men, and for young people.

The remarkable Scottish woman for whom the organization is named was educated as a palaeobotanist and had a remarkable academic career in the early part of the 20th century, earning a PhD in 1907, when women had a tough time breaking into the male dominated world of science. According to Wikipedia (where this photo of her in her lab in 1904 appears) she edited journal Birth Control News which gave anatomically explicit advice and it is for her work on family planning that she remembered.

The “reply to” address on the email header was in Hong Kong, and the message mentioned Mary Stopes Canada. Something made me hesitate before replying, although I have seen Stopes clinics in many countries and admire their work. In countries like Uganda they are a vital refuge for many women. A check on Google gave me no hits for a Canadian leg of the organization. I penned an email to the head office, and soon got a reply. My instincts had been right. The thing was a scam. I hope nobody got caught.

Friday, May 15, 2009

Spring in Saskatchewan

This has been a weird spring. We came back from Africa in late March and assumed that the worst of winter would be over. Dream on.

It has been cold and windy, with temperartures well below the seasonal average. Despite that we did get a harbinger with lots of crocuses out, but then this morning we woke to some less than normal sights.
This morning we woke to some unusual sights.

Tulips and snow, and then the humming bird feeder that we hoped to see in use.

Ha!

Monday, May 4, 2009

Uganda and WCVM primary schools report


Linkhttp://www.usask.ca/, http://www.vwb-vsf.ca/english/

This post is much longer than usual, and has 21 photos. I have compiled a bunch of stories from our Uganda trip & tried to distill them into one more-or-less coherent. It is also in a new format. Hope you like it.

For seven years students of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan have spent a month in Africa studying the complex issues involved in the human x livestock x wildlife interface. Our students return to Canada with a whole new comprehension of a world that they can hardly have imagined.

An important part of that exercise has been our developing relationship with two primary schools located in the Queen Elizabeth National Park protected area. The pupils at these schools live right among the wild animals in the park and it is our hope that by connecting with them we will help them understand the role of conservation in the lives of everyone.

Each year we have taken gifts from Saskatoon. These have included soccer uniforms and other sports equipment, ‘t’ shirts and toys. One of the most important things we have done is to take cash that has been used to purchase essential supplies ranging from exercise and textbooks to school desks and paint for classrooms. In each of these instances the money that has been donated by so many Canadians has been circulated in the local economy, ensuring that crafts people and local businesses benefit as well as the children.

In totally unexpected displays the children of both schools have put on concerts that moved us all.

Xylophone and drums accompany dancers at the schools.
Their musical instruments and costumes were purchased with the money sent by our generous donors.




Sports days in Uganda – soccer and volleyball after a heavy rainstorm. We must have been mad, but the kids (of all ages) enjoyed it. Both the white and blue uniforms were donated in Canada, and the money for the posts and nets came from cash donations that we took with us.

One of the lighter moments came in 2007 when we had given each child at the Equator Highway Primary School a woolly toy along with exercise books, pencils and coloured crayons. This school is an AIDS orphanage, with over half the pupils lacking a parent. Many had never received a gift in their lives. We could see that the toys were frightening some of the smallest children, and it was then that Kelti, one of our students, had the bright idea of taking a little girl over to the bus in which we had arrived. The bus has a metal tail pipe, and the magnetic hands of the toy monkey latched on right away. Within moments children surrounded the entire bus and brown and white toys hid every metal part. Children who had been given non-magnetic polar bears or pink flamingos were of course puzzled as to why their gifts did not stick. Just as puzzled were the children whose monkeys did not stick to the plastic parts of the bus. In the excitement not a single photo of the monkey-festooned bus was taken, although we Canadians had thirteen cameras between us. The memory will have to be preserved in the mind’s eye.

In the past two years we have been privileged to take hundreds of knitted Teddy Bears to the schools. They were crafted by ladies in Saskatoon and Weyburn who call their groups “Teddies for Tragedies.”

We also played soccer here. The boys won 1-0 and they were only too happy to pose with us for the after-match pic. NOtice the green uniforms. There are now Green and Whites in Uganda. What else would you expect from a Saskatchewan perspective?



The soccer balls and uniforms that we brought from Canada were a big hit. The Arsenal and Man U. flags were recognized at once & greeted with prolonged clapping by the boys. Girls do not play soccer in Uganda, but they are dab hands at volleyball and net ball.

A major goal for the students who came to Uganda in 2009 was to raise funds for a project that would emphasize the need for conservation. To this end we investigated the possibility of purchasing a complete solar powered system at Kasenyi School.


The system was installed on Feb 9th 2009 when a technician from Ultratrec, Kampala, traveled to Kasenyi. There was an interesting element to this installation in that the technician, named Mugagura Robert, originally came from the nearby town of Kasese. He had been orphaned at an early age before being sponsored to complete his schooling.

An official opening was carried out on Feb 15th. Dr. Margaret Driciru, acting chief warden at QENP and Mr. Kagoro Wilson, the Community Conservation Warden, attended the event as the official representatives of the Uganda Wildlife Authority.
Dr. Driciru and Dr. Joanne Haigh conducted the ribbon cutting ceremony before we all trooped in for a delicious lunch and a drink of soda.

This was followed by speeches by the headmaster, Mr. Kiiza George and other village dignitaries, Dr. Driciru and Mr. Kagoro. After a lunch had been served a DVD about hippo conservation was shown to all assembled, including students from the school. This was the very first time that any of them had ever seen a television, let alone a movie. This will be first time that children are able to study in the evenings, a big change as night comes quickly, at about seven o’clock, on the equator. The DVD and television systems run well, and with the conservation movies that we donated and as George put it “Friday night is movie night.”

We also left behind a solar oven, which we had purchased in Kampala. The only fuels in the village are firewood or charcoal and neither is a conservation friendly option, but the people need to cook. The oven was used for the lunch that the school laid on, and here Gorritt, the music teacher who coached the concert performers, prepares to cook a dish of cabbage. It was a great success, and the oven is now in regular use.


As George said in his speech, Kasenyi is now considered a model school, with everything needed to cater for a rounded education for the children. In Canadian terms to think of this as a model is to redefine the word.

The school at Kasenyi was built with government funds many years ago and caters to about one hundred and seventy pupils. The Equator Highway Primary School has a very different history.

When the villagers in the area, about nine kilometers from the Congo border, were told that the government would not fund a school and that the children must get to the school in a nearby village, some eleven kilometers away, they decided to build their own. Here it is as we first saw it that year.

Kiiza George, the headmaster at Kasenyi lives in this village and he donated a big 2-acre chunk of land, as his own children need to go to school. His eldest boy is in grade 6 (called P6 in Uganda) and a star of the soccer side.

The year of our first visit in 2007 the structure was simply mud and sticks, with a thatched roof. We left enough of the donated money for them to buy metal roofing. When we returned the following year the parents had made bricks and put up a three-room structure, as well as a storeroom. The bricks were joined with a local mud called murram, as there was no money for mortar.
In 2009 we held a concert in that brick building. One of our own, Leighton Coma, played his composition, built upon Winston Churchill’s famous line Uganda is the pearl of Africa. It was a huge hit. Then the staff and parents laid on a slap-up lunch of local dishes.
However, the storeroom had morphed into a classroom, and the mud and stick walls, and tiny benches were still in use.

It is at Equator that there is the greatest need for help. At Kasenyi there is now a textbook ratio of one to two students. At Equator textbooks are shared, one per six children.


Kiiza George handed out letters written by Canadian children. The building in the background has grown out of the parent’s hard work and replaces the thatch and mud/stick structure seen at the top of the page

There are other examples of the needs at Equator. There are only ten school desks for 128 pupils. The floors are brushed dirt. The window spaces have no frames or shutters; there is no paint on anything. The office space has no security.

Another 2009 highlight for the children occurred when they went on a boat trip on the Kasinga channel. This was the culmination of a full day’s outing for them, for many of them their first ever. Forty pupils and three teachers from each school were enrolled in a community conservation initiative and after some talks and a lunch the children boarded the boats. The channel is the major tourist attraction for all visitors, and the children had a chance to see many kinds of bird, as well as hundreds of hippo and buffalo.
Elephants are a common sight, and one can spend long moments marveling at their antics. This was the first time that any of the children had ever been on a boat with an engine, although some of them have no doubt been out with their fathers in the local fishing canoes. The entire outing cost $100 for two boats and a day’s instruction. The funds came from Canadian donors.

The Canadian branch of Veterinarians Without Borders/Vétérinaires Sans Frontières (VWB/VSF) has supported our efforts and it is through their program that we can arrange tax-deductible receipts for the generous donations we have received and hope to receive in future. Staff, parents and pupils at the Chaparral school in Calgary have made a huge effort on behalf of the Ugandan children, and we anticipate being able to send another significant sum to VWB/VSF for onward transmission. The funds will be transferred to our special Uganda Wildlife Authority account and will be monitored by our friend and colleague Dr. Margaret Driciru so that we can be sure that they are used appropriately. Kiiza George is preparing a list of things most urgently needed for the Equator Primary School as we donated almost five thousand dollars to Kasenyi in order to set up their solar system.

My wife and I will return to Uganda in 2010 to link up with the schools, take more conservation-based video material and see what other needs can be met. We will also be able to report back.

Thanks again to all our generous donors. Your efforts have made a difference.

Sunday, April 26, 2009

Masai Mara Wildlife Populations


Linkhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8008700.stm, http://www.physorg.com/news159599572.html

A report on the BBC website (here) shows once more how wildlife populations in Africa continue to decline in the face of human population expansions. With annual increases in the human populations continuing to be over 3%, and in some cases even over 4% this is not a big surprise. When you put those numbers on to a spread sheet you soon learn that the number of people will double roughly every twenty years. The increase in human settlement has a direct effect jupon the wild animals
Of course these people need a place to live and so the number of dwellings increases, and also the number of cattle, as cattle are the main currency for the tribes in the area and even more, for the Maasai, they are the reasons to live.

Here a herd of wildebeest in the foreground is living almost cheek by jowl with cattle that are linked to the Maasia manyatta in the middle of the picture.

Hunting, although illegal inside the reserve, is another factor. It is conducted for food and profit as the bushmeat trade lends significant income for some families.

A study telling the story and conducted by a team from the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has recently been published in the May 2009 issue of the British Journal of Zoology.
"The situation we documented paints a bleak picture and requires urgent and decisive action if we want to save this treasure from disaster,"
said Joseph Ogutu, the lead author of the study and a statistical ecologist at ILRI.

“Numbers of giraffe, warthog, impala, topi and hartebeest fell by 50% or more between 1979 and 2002.”

"The numbers of lions are going down. The cheetah numbers are declining. The wild dogs in the Mara system have become extinct."

By 2002, numbers of giraffe in the reserve had fallen to 20% of their 1979 levels, the bulk of those losses occurring before 1989. Topi and hartebeest in the reserve fell to less than half their 1979 levels, and almost disappeared in some of the neighbouring ranchlands where they once grazed. Impala fell by 70% in the Mara itself, while warthog fell by more than 80%, although their numbers appeared steady since 1989.

Is there any chance that human population increases will flatten out? Not much, when all the elements are factored in. The Pope has again condemned the use of condoms, and for many people large families are simply a fact of life. The doubling effect is relentless and the pressures on the ecosystem will continue.

Wednesday, April 15, 2009

Food for sex among primates


Linkhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7988169.stm


This picture of a chimp feasting on wild figs is one of many from Uganda that I have in my collection. It was taken as students went "chimp tracking" with guides in Kibale National Park.
The report on the BBC website about chimpanzee behaviour and the exchange of meat for sex that you can see here reminds me of those teaching trips. In Kibale, which is a tropical rain forest that holds thirteen species of primate, and is our first destination after leaving Kampala, we are privileged to spend time with a remarkable professor from Makerere University. It is Dr. Gil Basuta (seen here) who tells us a great deal about the primates in the forest, and particularly about chimpanzees. When it comes to their behaviour he refers the students to Dutchman Frans de Waal ‘s book Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes.

Gil’s teaching talent make it possible for his audience to imagine themselves as alpha male chimps, and in his words “stand hunched like NFL linemen” as they wait for the spoils of a monkey hunt to be passed to them. He has often speculated about the food for sex business, and now there is solid evidence from researcher Cristina Gomes and her colleagues, from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany. It was Cristina Gomes who took the photos that go with the story, and here is one of them. One of the study’s most fascinating elements is not so much that meat is exchanged for immediate sex, but that the sharing will lead to opportunities for copulation at a later date. She is quoted as saying
"Males might share meat with a female one day, and only copulate with her a day or two later."


When I passed this BBC story URL along to groups of students who had been in Uganda with me one of them responded “and there are still people who do not believe that we are descended from apes.” A further thought: Why do dates among people often involve nice meals?

Saturday, April 11, 2009

Book awards, The Trouble With Lions


Linkwww.bookpublishers.ab.ca, http://www.uap.ualberta.ca/, http://216.219.85.117/

Another book nomination – Yeah!
The Trouble With Lions has been nominated as a finalist in the Alberta Book Publishing 2009 Awards in the category of Trade Non-Fiction. The awards will take place at a Gala evening in Edmonton on May 8th. There are three other books in this category, so once again, it’s fingers crossed.

When I asked David Leach of the University of Victoria, who manages the Canadian Non-Fiction Collective's very active and useful Listserv to make a brief announcement about this he asked how I had managed to get Jane Goodall to write the foreword. Jane and I chatted at Saskatoon's Hotel Bessborough on one her visits and inevitably found that with our years spent in East Africa, and on wild animal work, we had many friends in common. We also have a shared passion about conservation, and Jane was happy to oblige when I asked her to write the piece.

Friday, April 3, 2009

Furadan sales stopped in much of Africa


Linkhttp://baraza.wildlifedirect.org/, http://www.peopleandwildlife.org.uk/, http://wildlifedirect.org/blogsList.php, http//:stopwildlifepoisoning.wildlifedirect.org/, http://wdin.blogspot.com/


Television can have a powerful effect, especially when it comes to wildlife. The CBS program 60 minutes about lion poisoning in Kenya that aired on the 30th of March produced a powerful response.

From the Wildlife Direct blog comes good news. An official announcement from FMC, the company that manufactures the insecticide, has stated that all sales of Furadan to Kenya will be stopped, that a buy-back program will be started, and that conservationists will be contacted to find out more about lion poisonings.

While this is undoubtedly good news, it may not go far enough, if a call from the CEO of FMC, Mr. William G. Walter is accurately reported. In a letter to the Wildlife Direct team Dr. Richard Leakey sates that:
They (FMC) are discontinuing supply
to all African countries where there are predators including South Africa, all of Eastern Africa. He has directed
Juanaco in Kenya and other distributors in Tanzania to buy back all stocks held by retailers and he believes
that within 8 weeks it will be done with.


Given the size of the problem, and the freedom with which commodities move in Africa, I hope that the ban does more than control Furadan sales in South and East Africa. If not, the chemical will not disappear, but simply go underground.

The situation in Kenya has been somewhat farcical. Paula, the Executive Director of Wildlife Direct states in her message of

"the authorities here refuse to take responsibility, the Kenya Wildlife Service blames the agrochemical association and agricultural minsitry, the ministries blame the people for illegal ‘mis-use’ of the pesticide while the PCPB, the Pesticide Control and Products Board deny that the pesticide is even being misused despite all our evidence"


I have written to the media officer at FMC, and here is part of my letter.

Dear Mr. Fitzwater
I was delighted to read on the http://baraza.wildlifedirect.org/ blog of the very strong action that you are taking on the Furadan issue in Kenya.

I have posted a few Furadan accounts in my own blog (I am a wildlife veterinarian who works extensively in Africa) and most recently have related accounts of deliberate bird poisonings, in one case for the acquisition of meat, the other for crop protection from red-billed queleas.

I have also published two books about wildlife, the most recent titled The Trouble With Lions: A Glasgow Vet in Africa. (Here I quote the opening para of my book, which I did a couple of blogs ago)

Then back to the letter to Mr. Fitzwater:
As you will no doubt have guessed, the poisoning was with Furadan, which is just as readily available in Uganda as it has been in Kenya. The lions in QEP were not the only victims, a large number of vultures also died and were found within a few metres of the carcasses. In the epilogue to The Trouble WIth Lions I also relate the destruction of an entire clan of hyaenas from this deadly poison. Dr. Luke Hunter of the Wildlife Conservation Society also reported lion, hyaena, bird and other casualties in Uganda .

I do hope that your Kenya-based ban will not only have a very rapid effect, but will extend across the continent, as the threat to wildlife in general from this compound is considerable.

I will keep an eye on the progress of your ban, and in my capacity as a storyteller I will add the good news of your action to the accounts of poisonings.

I intend to post this letter on my blog.

Yours sincerely,